- General Drug Summary
- Description
- A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, or sell heroin in the United States and the UK. However, under the name diamorphine, heroin is a legal prescription drug in the United Kingdom.
- Also Known As
- diacetylmorphine; diamorphine; Smack
- Categories
- Analgesics, Opioid
- Groups
- illicit; experimental
- Structure
- Summary In Neonatal Jaundice
-
2 record(s) for Heroin Adverse Event in Neonatal Jaundice.
- PMID
- Drug Name
- Efficacy
- Evidence
- 1167237
- Heroin
- Adverse Event
- Review
- Summary
- Lead to serious effects on later neurologic and behavioral development.
- Effect of maternal heroin addiction on 67 liveborn neonates. Withdrawal symptoms, small body size, and small head circumference were frequent findings. Clinical pediatrics, 1975 Aug [Go to PubMed]
- It is apparent that maternal addiction affects the fetus and causes serious problems in the neonatal period. Whether intrauterine exposure to heroin has far-reaching, long-term residual effects remains to be determined. We believe that prospective studies are indicated in order to evaluate the incidence of small head circumference, the pattern of intrauterine growth retardation, and the correlation of these findings with later neurologic and behavioral development.
- 9625935
- Heroin
- Adverse Event
- Clinical Trial
- Summary
- heroin is frequently contaminated with aflatoxin. Aflatoxins are now incriminated in Neonatal jaundice and there is circumstantial evidence that they cause perinatal death and reduced birthweight.
- Of sick turkeys, kwashiorkor, malaria, perinatal mortality, heroin addicts and food poisoning: research on the influence of aflatoxins on child health in the tropics. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 1997 Oct [Go to PubMed]
- Similarities between the geographical and climatic prevalences of kwashiorkor and of exposure to dietary aflatoxins, and between the biochemical, metabolic and immunological derangements in kwashiorkor and those in animals exposed to aflatoxins, prompted investigation of the associations between kwashiorkor and aflatoxins. Studies in Africa in the 1980s indicated a role for these toxins in the pathogenesis of the disease. Paediatric cases of kwashiorkor are less prone to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria than normal children. In mice infected with P. berghei, aflatoxin exposure inhibits parasite growth and ameliorates morbidity. Aflatoxins occur in < or = 40% of samples of breast milk from tropical Africa, usually as low concentrations of the relatively non-toxic derivatives of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) but sometimes as high concentrations of the very toxic AFB1. This could explain kwashiorkor in breast-fed babies. Aflatoxin exposure occurs in > or = 30% of pregnancies in tropical Africa and the toxins are often in cord blood, sometimes at extremely high concentrations. Aflatoxins are now incriminated in neonatal jaundice and there is circumstantial evidence that they cause perinatal death and reduced birthweight. Aflatoxin-induced immunosuppresion may explain the aggressive behaviour of HIV infection in Africa. There are similarities between observations on HIV cases in Africa and those on heroin addicts in Europe, where 'street' heroin is frequently contaminated with aflatoxin. Aflatoxins were found in 20% of random urine samples from heroin addicts in the U.K. and the Netherlands. Aflatoxins have also been incriminated in episodes of food poisoning which have been associated with serious morbidity and mortality, particularly among young children.