- General Drug Summary
- Description
- An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. [PubChem]
- Also Known As
- 5,5-diphenylhydantoin; 5,5-Dwufenylohydantoina; Difenilhidantoina [Spanish]; Dihydantoin; Diphenylan Sodium; Diphenylhydantoin; Diphenylhydantoine [French]; Diphenylhydatanoin; Fenitoina [INN-Spanish]; Phenytoin Sodium; Phenytoine; Phenytoine [INN-French]; Phenytoinum [INN-Latin]
- Categories
- Anticonvulsants
- Structure
- Summary In Neonatal Jaundice
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1 record(s) for Phenytoin Adverse Event in Neonatal Jaundice.
- PMID
- Drug Name
- Efficacy
- Evidence
- 626518
- Phenytoin
- Adverse Event
- Review
- Summary
- serum bilirubin concentrations are influenced by these factors: administration to the mother of promethazine hydrochloride, reserpine, chloral hydrate, barbiturates, narcotic agents, diazepam, oxytocin, aspirin, and phenytoin sodium.
- Factors influencing jaundice in immigrant Greek infants. Archives of disease in childhood, 1978 Jan [Go to PubMed]
- A study of 887 consecutively born immigrant Greek and 220 Anglo-Saxon Australian infants has shown that serum bilirubin concentrations are influenced by these factors: breast feeding, delivery with forceps, gestation, birthweight, sex of the infant, presence of hypoxia, presence of blood group incompatibility, a positive direct Coombs's test, maternal sepis, and administration to the mother of promethazine hydrochloride, reserpine, chloral hydrate, barbiturates, narcotic agents, diazepam, oxytocin, aspirin, and phenytoin sodium. Apart from the administration of promethazine hydrochloride, reserpine, chloral hydrate, and quinalbarbitone sodium, only two factors, breast feeding and delivery by forceps, occured with different frequencies in the immigrant Greek and the Australian infants. Among the Greek infants with jaundice, there were few where the cause of the jaundice was inapparent. The immigrant Greek and Australian newborn populations were therefore remarkably similar. Since differences of frequency and everity of jaundice do exist in infants born in Greece, this difference must be lost when the parents emigrate, and therefore an environmental factor must be incriminated as the causative agent for jaundice of unknown origin in Greece.
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1 record(s) for Phenytoin Effective in Inducing Remission in Neonatal Jaundice.
- PMID
- Drug Name
- Efficacy
- Evidence
- 957015
- Phenytoin
- Effective in Inducing Remission
- Clinical Trial
- Summary
- Administration of narcotic agents, barbiturates, aspirin, chloral hydrate, reserpine, and phenytoin sodium all resulted in lowering of infant serum bilirubin concentrations.
- The effect of maternally administered drugs on bilirubin concentrations in the newborn infant. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976 Oct [Go to PubMed]
- The effects of drugs administered to pregnant women on bilirubin concentrations in 1,107 consecutively born infants are presented. Administration of narcotic agents, barbiturates, aspirin, chloral hydrate, reserpine, and phenytoin sodium all resulted in lowering of infant serum bilirubin concentrations. Diazepam and, to a lesser extent, oxytocin caused an elevation of infant serum bilirubin concentrations. Although many drugs were shown to alter serum bilirubin levels significantly, the clinical importance of such alterations was not dramatic except possibly in special circumstances. The phenothiazine derivatives, general or local anesthesia, sulfadimidine, ampicillin, and penicillin had no such effect on the newborn infant when given to the mother before delivery.